Basic Concepts of Digital Systems

Part 1Introduction to Analog and Digital Concepts

In everyday life, for example in the field of science, technology, business and so forth, we are always dealing with quantities. Quantities are measured, counted, recorded, monitored and manipulated arithmetic. In general, people use numbers to represent all of these quantities.Broadly speaking there are two ways that can be used in representing numbers of a quantity, analog and digital.
Analog representation.In analog representation, a quantity expressed by another quantity that is proportional to the quantity of the first. An example is the representation of analog car speedometer, which states the amount of needle deflection speed of the car and the speedometer needle will follow any changes that occur when the car is running at a speed that up or down.Another example is the microphone audio, this tool generated output voltage proportional to the amplitude felombang-sound waves that crashed into the microphone. Changes in output voltage will follow the input frequency changes sound.Other examples can you specify the nature of an event measures the quantity. When we malakukan measurement of a quantity, such as temperature, speed, height, etc., the results obtained are usually not always integers.Analog quantities in the above example has unique characteristics, which can change at a range of price rise continuously.
Digital RepresentationIn a digital representation of a quantity proportional to the quantity not stated but with symbols called digits. For example, the digital clock that shows the time in the form of decimal digits. Despite the fact the time kept changing, but who reads the digital clock does not change continuously. Decimal digits on a digital clock will be changed one step by step (per minute or per second). In other words, a digital representation of a step-change in discrete steps. Untuh ease, digital quantity obtained from the count, and when we're calculating the results obtained are integers.From the description above, it can be concluded that the main difference between analog quantity with the quantity of digital is that analog is a continuous kuntitas whereas discrete digital quantity.Because digital representation has a discrete nature so when reading the price of a digital quantity is no unambiguous interpretation, while the price of an analog quantity is often different interpretations.
System Digital and Analog Systems.A digital system is a combination of tools (electrical, mechanical, photoelectric, etc.) are designed to perform specific functions in which the quantity-quantity dinytakan relates in digital. While on an analog system, quantity-quantity stated in accordance with the physical presence of which in principle is analogous.Many practical systems are hybrid, meaning there is both the quantity and the quantity of digital and analog conversion occurs continuously between the two kunatitas.Digital systems have the advantage of speed and accuracy using large and more memory capacity. Besides digital systems are not easily affected by changes in the character of electrical system components, and can be used on a greater range of usage.In reality almost any quantity is the analog, in which the quantity is often measured, monitored or controlled. So if the benefits of digital systems will be used, it is clear that there are many systems that are hybrid. One example is a control system in industrial processes, where the analog quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc. is measured and controlled.